Did you know that security guard duties are more than just standing watch and patrolling? They also are trained to de-escalate conflicts and can provide some top-notch customer service. 

Read on to learn: 

• Overview
• 20 security guard duties
• Types of security guards
• What guards should NOT do
• How security training helps

Let’s start by looking at what a security guard does.

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20 security guard duties that keep us safe

Guards’ roles and responsibilities can be split into seven main categories, each comprising a different aspect of security. 

‍Let’s take a closer at what security guard duties are:
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‍Monitoring and surveillance

1. Monitor premises

Security guards observe a property and its surroundings to detect unusual activities and ensure the area remains safe from accidents and crime. 

‍They monitor by:

• Watching for suspicious behavior: Alertly watching out for weird behavior or individuals to prevent crime.
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• Observing the surroundings: Watching for unattended or suspicious packages, in case they could be an issue for law enforcement to handle.
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2. Operate surveillance equipment

Technology enables security guards to cover larger spaces and respond quickly to potential issues by alerting security personnel (or law enforcement if necessary). 

‍Here’s how guards use technology:

• Monitor CCTV cameras: Keeping an eye on CCTV live feeds, watching out for suspicious activity, and initiating a response when needed.

• Operate PTZ (pan-tilt-zoom) cameras: Zoom in for better visibility or pan across a large area to track movement from a distance using a PTZ camera.

• Review recorded footage: Analyze recorded video data to investigate incidents or provide evidence to law enforcement during an inquiry.
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3. Conduct safety inspections

Although this responsibility may not always fall solely on the shoulders of a guard, many security officers remain vigilant in regularly checking the facilities. 

‍Here are a few ways security guards can help keep a property safe:

• Routinely check security systems: Inspecting security systems like CCTV cameras and alarm systems to make sure everything is working.
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• Periodically check fire alarms and other safety systems: Perform a visual check to see if fire alarms, smoke detectors, and sprinklers are in working order.
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• Check locks: Testing locks during patrols to guarantee that restricted areas remain secure.
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4. Assist law enforcement

Law enforcement may ask security guards for assistance once in a while. 

‍In such cases, guards collaborate with the law by:

• Providing information: Give valuable information to law enforcement when requested.
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• Providing evidence: Give law enforcement recorded evidence when requested.
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• Providing support when needed: Help to keep a secure perimeter, keep crowds under control, and be the point of contact for the public.
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Access control and crowd management

5. Controlling access to restricted areas

Sometimes, establishments require security guards to ensure there is no unauthorized entry to restricted areas. 

‍Here’s how guards maintain access control:

• Verifying identification: Checking identification cards and credentials to verify that an individual has permission to enter a restricted area.
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• Lock and key management: Making sure that doors stay locked and keeping keys safe and away from unauthorized people.
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• Security system management: Managing alarm systems and other systems to maintain efficiency and security.
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• Visitor escort: Accompanying visitors to or through restricted areas according to a company’s visitor escort policies.
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6. Crowd management

Effective crowd control prevents accidents, minimizes conflicts, and allows for a smooth flow of people. It reduces the risk of crowd crush injuries or chaos. 

‍Here’s what guards do for effective crowd management:

• Monitor and assess the crowd: Observe crowd behavior to spot potential issues, such as aggressive individuals, overcrowding, or panic.
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• Enforce rules and guidelines: Inform the crowd about rules, such as prohibited items, restricted areas, or behavior expectations, then enforce compliance calmly and assertively.
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• Directing and guiding foot traffic: Use barriers, signs, or verbal instructions to guide people through the area or event.
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• Assisting in navigation: Help individuals find exits, emergency routes, or specific locations within the venue.
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• Evacuation assistance: Guide people to safety during emergencies, such as fires or natural disasters, while maintaining calm and order.
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7. Traffic management

Security guards are often posted in parking lots and event venues, where they direct drivers to ensure ideal traffic flow and prevent congestion. 

‍Here’s how:

• Directing traffic: Use hand signals, whistles, or lighted wands to guide vehicles and manage intersections, preventing congestion.
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• Enforcing rules and laws: Direct vehicles to follow speed limits and designated routes, especially in narrow or crowded areas.
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• Monitoring and assisting in parking areas: Guide drivers to available spaces or organize valet services if necessary.
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• Respond to emergencies: Act quickly to clear paths for emergency vehicles or address traffic-related incidents, such as collisions.
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Patrolling and response

8. Patrol assigned areas

Regular security patrols help to deter criminal activity and help security personnel to identify and address security risks promptly. ‍

Here are some typical patrol duties:

• Identify suspicious activity: Look for unusual behavior, unauthorized individuals, or potential security threats.
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• Check for property damage: Inspect buildings, equipment, and fences for signs of tampering, vandalism, or wear and tear.
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• Conduct regular patrols: Follow company patrol policies, whether randomized, scheduled, or area-specific.
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• Conduct safety checks: Ensure safety equipment like fire extinguishers and emergency lights are working.
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• Look for environmental hazards: Identify spills, broken glass, unsecured flammable materials, or other hazards that could cause accidents or fire.
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9. Respond to alarms

A security officer’s responsibilities include investigating alarms, unusual noises, and disturbances.

‍Here’s what they do:

• Monitor alarms: Continuously monitor alarm panels or systems for alerts signaling security breaches, emergencies, or system malfunctions.
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• Decide the course of action: Check for false alarms or system errors and determine the nature of the alarm before responding appropriately.
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• Notify the authorities: Contact the appropriate law enforcement agency or first responders when necessary.
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10. Handle emergencies

In emergencies like fires, medical incidents, or security breaches, guards are trained to act swiftly to protect lives and property. 

‍Here’s how they act as the first line of defense:

• Trigger alarms: Activate appropriate alarms (e.g., fire or panic alarms) to alert occupants and emergency services and contact authorities if necessary.
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• Guide evacuation: Direct people to designated exits and oversee an orderly evacuation to prevent panic or injuries.
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• Provide reassurance: Remain calm and communicate clearly to reduce fear and confusion.
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• Isolate the threat: Contain hazardous areas, such as cordoning off zones affected by fires, spills, or other dangers.
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• Provide medical aid: If trained, administer first aid to injured individuals until professional medical help arrives. Also, perform CPR or use an automated external defibrillator (AED) in cardiac emergencies.
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• Relay information: Keep supervisors, management, and visitors informed about the status of the emergency and response efforts.
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Rule enforcement and conflict resolution

11. Enforce rules and policies

One of the primary responsibilities of a security guard is to enforce rules and policies, whether they come from the property they are protecting or from the law itself. 

‍Here’s how guards ensure compliance:

• Understand rules and communicate them: Fully familiarize themselves with the organization's policies, stay updated on changes, and inform others of the rules.
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• Support employees: Assist staff in understanding and enforcing rules and participate in training sessions.
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• Address violations: Approach violators calmly and professionally and issue warnings (or escalate to management or law enforcement for serious infractions).
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12. De-escalate conflicts

A well-trained guard’s calm demeanor can help maintain order while avoiding unnecessary confrontations. 

‍Here’s how guards can help in tense situations:

• Use good communication: Listen actively, show empathy, and avoid aggressive language to help calm agitated individuals.
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• Set boundaries: Clarify rules and policies, mediate, and offer solutions to resolve the conflict.
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• Enforce authority: Issue polite warnings and escalate to supervisors or law enforcement when necessary.
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13. Detain suspects

Security can detain suspects as long as they adhere to their state's legal and procedural guidelines. 

‍Here’s how:‍

• Be familiar with the state laws: Security guard authority varies from state to state, so security guards must follow the local laws.
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• De-escalate the situation when possible: Observe and confirm suspicious behavior before acting, and ensure all efforts are exhausted to defuse a tense situation before escalating.
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• Follow detention procedures: Use only necessary and reasonable force to detain the suspect, clearly communicate the reason for detention, and immediately contact law enforcement to hand the suspect over.
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Asset protection

14. Escort individuals

Properties aren’t the only assets — people can be, too. Security guards often escort employees, VIPs, or individuals carrying valuables to ensure safety. 

‍Here’s how security guards help protect individuals:

• Provide physical protection: Shield individuals from physical threats, such as harassment, assault, or hostile environments.
• Monitor surroundings: Constantly observe the environment for suspicious individuals or activities and identify and address potential threats before they escalate.
• Escorting individuals: Escort VIPs, employees, or visitors to destinations such as vehicles, buildings, or specific areas.
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15. Protect physical assets

Security guards safeguard valuable equipment, merchandise, and confidential information from theft or damage. 

‍Here’s how:

• Patrols: Routinely inspect premises, especially high-risk areas, to deter theft or vandalism.
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• Surveillance: Monitor CCTV systems and respond to alarms or suspicious activities.
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• Asset tracking: Inspect and document the movement of high-value items.
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• Preventive measures: Identify vulnerabilities and suggest upgrades like better lighting or alarms.
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• Transport security: Escort valuable items and maintain communication during transit.
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• Delivery monitoring: Verify shipments and ensure proper documentation for asset movement.
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Incident documentation and reporting

16. Write incident reports

‍Detailed reports help management track patterns, investigate issues, and improve existing security measures. 

‍Here’s how guards work with reports:

• Incident reports: Record details of security incidents, such as theft, trespassing, or vandalism, either on paper or through security guard software like Belfry.
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• Collect evidence: Document and secure evidence, such as photos, videos, or physical items, for investigations.
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17. Maintaining security logs

‍Security logs provide management with a clear timeline of events, help track security risks, and support law enforcement investigations. 

‍Here’s how security guards use logs:‍

• Daily activity logs: Maintain a chronological record of patrols, observations, and tasks completed during a shift and note any irregularities or areas requiring follow-up.
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• Visitor records and access logs: Track visitor information, such as names, purpose of visit, and entry and exit times.
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• Shift handover notes: Provide detailed notes for incoming guards to maintain continuity and awareness.
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18. Report hazards

To prevent accidents, security guards can proactively identify and report safety risks, such as spills, broken equipment, or unsecured areas. 

‍Here’s what guards do to help:

• Identify hazards: Spot risks like broken equipment, slippery floors, or poor lighting.
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• Document: Record details (location, description, time) and take photos if needed.
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• Notify supervisors: Report hazards immediately to the appropriate personnel.
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Customer Interaction and Assistance

19. Provide excellent customer service

Beyond their primary duties of keeping an area secure and safe, security officers may also provide customer service by assisting visitors and customers. 

‍Customer service duties include:

• Greeting visitors: Offer a friendly and professional welcome at entry points.
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• Providing directions: Assist guests in finding locations or navigating the property.
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• Answering questions: Respond to inquiries about rules, facilities, or events.
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• Handling complaints: Listen to concerns and address them calmly or escalate as needed.
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• Supporting accessibility: Help individuals with mobility challenges or special needs.
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20. Provide first aid when needed

Security guards often serve as first responders in any emergency, so they are typically trained to provide first aid. 

‍Here’s what guards might do in emergencies:

• Provide basic care: Administer first aid for minor injuries (e.g., bandaging cuts, applying pressure to stop bleeding).
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• Perform CPR or use an AED: Use CPR or an automated external defibrillator (AED) if trained and necessary.
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• Call emergency services: Contact 911 or appropriate medical professionals for serious injuries.

If you’re looking for more ideas about what’s in a security guard’s job description, then check out that full post next. 

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What are the different kinds of security guards?

There are many kinds of security guards, each with varying responsibilities. 

‍Some of the most common types include:

1. Stationary security guards: Also known as static or dedicated security guards, they protect and monitor a specific post. Typically focused on one location, they control access and perform duties like checking credentials, responding to emergencies, and more.
   
   
2. Mobile patrol security guards: Unlike static guards, mobile officers move around a property on foot or in a vehicle. Because of their mobility, they can efficiently protect multiple locations by patrolling from one place to another.
   
   
3. Remote video surveillance operators: Remote surveillance security officers monitor multiple locations using CCTV cameras and similar technologies. They monitor large or even high-risk areas from a central location and follow protocols if they observe suspicious activity, such as alerting security personnel and documenting the incidents.
   
   
4. Executive guards: Also known as bodyguards or personal protection officers, executive guards protect high-profile individuals such as celebrities, dignitaries, and CEOs. They operate discreetly and typically accompany clients on travels, public appearances, and other engagements.
   
   
5. Residential guards: These security officers protect homes, apartment complexes, condominiums, or gated communities. They control access to such areas, ensuring only residents and permitted guests enter. Residential guards may also respond to emergencies and help deter crime.
   
   
6. Industrial and manufacturing guards: These guards secure industrial facilities such as factories and warehouses. They help ensure the facilities’ and employees’ safety compliance and control access, especially to restricted areas. Industrial guards also safeguard valuable materials and equipment by preventing theft and vandalism.
   
   
7. Construction site guards: This type of guard helps prevent costly delays by protecting sites currently under development from unauthorized access, vandalism, and theft. They monitor materials and equipment, especially during non-working hours when construction sites are most vulnerable.
   
   
8. Retail guards: Security guards are essential for protecting stores and their patrons. Retail guards help deter theft, monitor for suspicious activity, and respond to incidents like medical emergencies or disputes, helping de-escalate a situation or alert law enforcement when needed.
   
   
9. Corporate guards: Such security officers protect corporate campuses and office buildings. They maintain access control, protect sensitive information, and maintain employee and guest safety. They also help handle emergencies like medical situations or assist when fire alarms go off.
   
   
10. Event security guards: Security staff have many responsibilities at events like sports games, concerts, and conferences. They ensure the safety of employees, attendees, and performers by maintaining access control and handling crowd control. Guards also help ensure an event’s smooth operation by monitoring and addressing potential security risks.
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What should security guards NOT do?

Security guards are vital in maintaining peace, safety, and order. However, they must still operate within specific ethical and legal boundaries that ensure the safety of security guards and the public while maintaining compliance with the law. Adhering to these boundaries also maintains trust in security services. 

‍Here are a few key things that security officers should not do:

1. Act as or impersonate police officers: Although security guards are empowered to keep safety and order, they do not have the same authority as law enforcement officers. They may perform a citizen’s arrest but only in specific circumstances.
   
   
2. Demand personal information from individuals: Security officers must respect an individual’s right to privacy. While security officers generally cannot demand personal information, they may request it as a condition for access to private or restricted areas, provided they follow legal and company policies.
   
   
3. Use excessive force: Any force a security guard uses must be reasonable. Violent actions such as chokeholds, kicks, and punches may lead to legal issues.
   
   
4. Enter property without the owner’s consent: Like law enforcement officers, security guards cannot enter property without the owner’s permission.
   
   
5. Search an individual’s personal belongings without their consent: If a security officer must search an individual or their belongings, they cannot do so without obtaining permission.
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How security training prepares security guards

Proper training informs security officers on what they can and cannot do so that they operate responsibly and within the rules of the law. Regulations may vary from state to state, but here are the common levels of security guard training:

1. Level II Security Guard: This is the first step in training, covering topics like ethics, offenses, prevention, emergency response, report writing, and more. To reach this level of training, you must take a 6-hour course on security fundamentals. A level II-trained security guard performs duties such as monitoring and reporting. They cannot carry firearms.
   
   
2. Level III Security Guard: Earning this level will allow a guard to carry firearms, thus providing access to many more job opportunities that require armed guards. Jobs for level III-trained guards are often more intense, so individuals must first complete a 45-hour training course comprising lectures and practical lessons, culminating in a written examination.
   
   
3. Level IV Security Guard: Becoming a level IV guard allows you to take jobs in personal protection. To reach this level, you must pass a 15-hour course covering tactics around bodyguarding, use of force, personal protection fundamentals, and defense.
   
   
4. Level V Security Guard: Level V takes things one step further, allowing security professionals to take the most challenging and high-risk jobs. This level isn’t used in most states, but some states have specific requirements for becoming a level V guard.
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Frequently asked questions
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Where do security guards work?

Security guards work everywhere that needs protection. They are often in public spaces like malls, hospitals, schools, and events. Owners may also hire them to protect private properties. Security officers are typically required in high-security sites like airports, banks, and government facilities.
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Can security guards follow you?

Crime prevention is one of the primary responsibilities of a security guard. Therefore, they may observe individuals if they have reasonable grounds to suspect potential wrongdoing. However, they must adhere to local laws and employer protocols to avoid infringing personal rights.
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Can security guards conduct searches?

‍Security guards are not licensed to conduct searches without an individual’s express permission — even if they suspect an individual of possessing stolen property. However, security officers may be allowed to conduct searches when permission is granted by signing a contract, such as if a company’s employee contract states such searches are permissible.

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Belfry offers a better way to manage security officer duties

It’s a good idea to create an environment that helps personnel perform their security guard duties more safely. Good tools may enable them to do their job with efficient ease. This is where Belfry can help.

Our platform provides an all-in-one solution that can help simplify operations and enhance officer safety. 

‍Officers may benefit from features like:

• Real-time electronic incident reporting: Security officers won’t need to wait to submit an incident report. Belfry’s mobile app allows them to send information to the back office at will, enabling timely responses — no pen and paper required.
  
  
• Comprehensive compliance management: Tracking training, certifications, and licensing requirements ensures that your security officers are always up-to-date and qualified for the job at hand.

‍Schedule a Free Demo Today.