Being an armed guard is a big responsibility. That’s why training doesn’t just cover when to use your firearm — it also teaches you when not to. It also covers defensive tactics, emergency response, and legal use of force to ensure guards act responsibly in high-pressure situations.

In this article, we’ll cover: 

• Unarmed vs armed security guard requirements
• Licensing and certification requirements
• Training requirements
• How to get your license
• Challenges (and solutions!)
• Compliance tips

Let’s start with an overview.

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Unarmed vs armed security guard requirements

Armed security requirements make sure guards are prepared to handle high-risk situations safely and legally.

However, security operations may use unarmed guards, armed guards, or a combination of both. Let’s take a closer look at how they’re different.

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Duties & responsibilities

Unarmed and armed guards have similar duties and responsibilities. However, armed guards do just a bit more. Here are their specific roles:

• Unarmed guards: Keep an eye on things, check who’s coming and going, patrol areas, and step in when needed — usually by deescalating the situation verbally.
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• Armed guards: Do everything unarmed guards do but also handle situations where a firearm might be necessary. 

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Risk level

Armed guards tend to work in higher-risk areas that need more security. Here’s where both types usually work:

• Unarmed guards: These guards usually work in places like office buildings, stores, and schools where the biggest job is preventing problems before they happen. They’re more approachable and help to create a more welcoming environment for guests.
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• Armed guards: They often work in riskier spots like banks, government buildings, or VIP events. Their presence alone can discourage crime, but they also have to be ready to act with force if things escalate.

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Compliance and training

Both types of guards require training and licenses, but armed guards need more. These requirements vary by state, but here’s what to expect:

• Unarmed guards: Need basic security training, a background check, and sometimes a state license. Most of their training focuses on observation, reporting, and de-escalation.
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• Armed guards: Have to meet armed security requirements, which means extra training on firearm safety, legal use of force, and state licensing. They usually need Level 3 licenses.

Whether you’re unarmed or armed, you will still need to take refresher courses and renew your license every so often. Depending on the state, unarmed guards require license renewal every 1-3 years. Armed guards need to renew more often, at 1-2 years.

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Armed security requirements: licensing and certifications

No matter where you are, there are general requirements you need to meet to become an armed guard.

Let’s look at some key compliance areas:

• Minimum age: Most states require guards to be at least 21 years old, though some allow 18 with additional training.
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• Background checks: If you want to carry a firearm on the job, you need a clean record. Background screenings help make sure guards are responsible and mentally fit for the role.
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• Firearms licensing: Knowing how to handle a gun safely is just as important as knowing when to use it. Training covers everything from shooting skills to understanding the law. Some states also require a psychological evaluation.
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• Continuing education and renewal: Getting certified isn’t a one-time thing. Most states require guards to take refresher courses and renew their permits to stay up to date.
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• Mental health clearance: Some states require a psychological evaluation or proof of mental fitness before issuing a firearm permit.

These rules aren’t just for show, they help keep everyone safe. After all, the right training helps guards stay calm under pressure. Keeping a level head is the best way to manage emergencies effectively.

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The Level 3 security license explained

Once you meet the minimum qualifications, you can start working on your armed guard license.

Some states, like Texas, Florida, and California, have a tiered licensing system, meaning unarmed and armed guards need different levels of certification. A Level 3 license is usually for armed guards, which means extra training and stricter rules. Some states might call it something different, but the requirements are often pretty similar.

If you're thinking about becoming an armed guard, the best way to get started is to check your state’s licensing rules to see exactly what’s required.

Here’s what you can expect to learn while training for your Level 3 license:

• Firearms handling and safety: Knowing how to use, clean, and store a firearm safely so it’s ready when needed.
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• Defensive tactics: Learning how to handle tough situations, from breaking up fights to protecting yourself and others in a crisis.
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• Emergency response: Knowing what to do in high-pressure moments like threats, active shooter situations, or medical emergencies.
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• Legal use of force: Understanding the laws on when you can and can’t use force — including when a firearm is legally justified.

But what about your firearms qualification? Yep, there are requirements for that too. Here’s what you need:

• Practical shooting proficiency tests: You won’t just sit through a class, you’ll have to demonstrate your accuracy and control at a shooting range. These tests typically include hitting targets at various distances, drawing from a holster, and following proper firearm safety protocols. 
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• Regular recertification and training: Getting certified once doesn’t mean you’re done for good. Most states require you to requalify every year or every other year, which means retaking a shooting test and sometimes a refresher course on firearm laws and safety. Some states, like California, require you to pass a shooting test twice a year.

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How to get an armed security license

Getting licensed as an armed security guard isn’t too complicated, but there are a few important steps. Each state has its own rules, so it’s important to check what’s required where you plan to work. Here’s a general breakdown of the process.

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1. Make sure you’re eligible

Most states require you to be at least 21 years old (though some allow 18 with extra training), have a high school diploma or GED, and be legally allowed to carry a firearm — so no criminal history.

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2. Submit your application

You’ll need to fill out paperwork with your state’s licensing board, which usually asks for:

• A valid ID (driver’s license, passport, or state ID)
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• Proof of residency (some states require you to live there to apply)
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• A completed application form
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• Licensing fees, which range from $50 to $300, depending on the state

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3. Complete the mandatory training

Every state requires security training before you can work. This includes:

• Firearm safety: How to handle, store, and maintain a gun.
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• Legal use of force: When you can and can’t use a firearm on the job.
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• Defensive tactics: How to handle threats and de-escalate situations.
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• Emergency response: What to do in active shooter situations or medical emergencies.
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• Situational awareness: How to identify and react to security threats.

Training hours vary:

• Some states require 8–16 hours of basic security training before firearm training.
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• Firearm training can range from 14 to 40 hours, depending on state laws.

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4. Pass the tests

Just like in school, you’ll have to prove what you’ve learned after your training. You do this by:

• Taking a written exam on security laws and procedures.
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• Passing a firearm proficiency test at a shooting range.

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5. Pass a background check

You need to be fit and trustworthy to become an armed guard. That’s why to become one, you need to pass a criminal background check (and in some places, a psych evaluation). There are a few things that will disqualify you from armed security work, including:

• Felonies: If you have a felony conviction, especially for a violent crime, weapons charge, drug trafficking, or fraud, most states won’t approve your license.
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• Violent misdemeanors: Crimes like domestic violence, assault, or battery can still be a red flag, even if they aren’t felonies.
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• Theft and fraud: Since security guards need to be trustworthy, crimes involving dishonesty — like identity theft, embezzlement, or grand larceny — can make it tough to get approved.
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• DUI/DWI: A single DUI might not be an issue, but if you have multiple convictions, it could raise concerns about judgment and responsibility.
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• Active restraining orders: If you have a domestic violence restraining order, you may not be legally allowed to carry a firearm.
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• Pending charges: If you’re currently facing serious criminal charges, your application could be put on hold until your case is resolved.
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• Mental health history: Some states require psychological evaluations and may deny applicants with a history of severe mental illness or past involuntary hospitalizations.

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6. Get your armed security license and keep it current

Once you’ve passed all the steps, you’ll receive your license, allowing you to work as an armed guard. But it doesn’t stop there — you need to keep your license current. Here are some things to remember:

• Most states require renewal every 1–3 years.
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• Many states require annual firearm requalification, which includes a shooting test.
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• Some states require continuing education to stay up to date on law changes and security procedures.

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Common challenges in armed security requirements

Even after getting licensed, armed security guards and employers have to stay on top of things to make sure they’re following the rules. Here are some common challenges and simple ways you can handle them:

• Keeping up with changes in state and federal regulations: Security laws don’t stay the same forever. Training requirements, firearm laws, and licensing rules can all change. Check your state’s official website regularly, stay connected with industry groups, and take refresher courses that cover any updates.
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• Making sure training and renewals don’t fall through the cracks: Missing a renewal deadline can mean working without a valid license. To prevent this, employers should try to keep track of expiration dates and send reminders, while guards should try to set calendar alerts and book their training sessions ahead of time.
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• Cost: The total cost depends on where you’re getting licensed, but application fees usually run from $50 to $300. Training courses can be from $100 to $500, while background checks cost from $50 to $100. Firearm permit fees can be $50 to $200.

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Armed security compliance tips

If your business fails to meet state or federal security regulations, you could face fines, license suspension, or even legal action. In some cases, working with improperly licensed guards could result in the loss of contracts or lawsuits in the event of an incident.

Whether you’re trying to start an armed security company or you’re a licensed company trying to keep up with compliance, these tips can help you stay on track:

• Use compliance software: Keeping track of licenses and certifications can be a headache, especially if you have multiple guards on staff. Use digital tools or compliance management software to track renewal dates, upcoming training, and required paperwork so nothing slips through the cracks.
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• Stay informed: Security laws and regulations can change, so it’s important to monitor updates at both the state and federal levels. Subscribe to industry newsletters, follow your state’s licensing agency, and consider joining professional security organizations to stay ahead of any changes.
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• Invest in training programs: Well-trained guards are the backbone of any security company. Partner with reputable providers to make sure your guards receive quality training. Some companies even set up in-house programs to make ongoing education more convenient and cost-effective.

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How Belfry can help you stay on top of your armed security requirements

Staying compliant with licensing and certifications can sometimes feel challenging and complicated, but it doesn’t always have to. Tools like Belfry can help you keep up with armed security requirements — plus, it also has its benefits.

Belfry is an all-in-one security management platform that gives you a broader look into your operation. It allows you to manage your security guards and helps you (and them) keep up with licensing.

Here's how:

• Automated alerts: Get alerts for renewal deadlines to help you track, schedule, and manage your guards’ training and certifications.
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• Easy scheduling: Worry less about assigning unqualified officers. Belfry’s automated scheduling lets you assign personnel to shifts based on site requirements, officer certifications, and training.
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• Simplified operations: Armed security is a stressful job, and tools like the Belfry mobile app can make it easier. It allows guards to send in their incident reports digitally (and even attach their evidence). It also has instant messaging features that let you keep in touch with your guards at any time.

Ready to see how Belfry can help you and your guards? Schedule a Free Belfry Demo today.